| We use the Gerund after the following prepositions: | |
|---|---|
| after | After having a shower, I waited for Steven. |
| before | The tablet must not be taken before getting up in the morning. |
| by | I manage it by working much longer than 40-hour weeks. |
| in spite of | In spite of studying a lot he didn't pass the exams. |
| on | She insisted on calling her sister. |
| without | He told the joke without laughing. |